KIKA MULITZ LIVNO: Blending

Friday, January 1, 1982

AIM: Photoshop v 6.0, Blend Using Gamma 1.0

Accurate Image Manipulation for Desktop Publishing Photoshop

by Timo Autiokari

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AIM: Photoshop v 6.0, Blend Using Gamma 1.0

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The Coverage of the Blend RGB Colors Using Gamma -optionThe Blend RGB Colors Using Gamma option is a new feature in Photoshop 6.0 (in Advanced Color-Management, go to Edit/ColorSettings... and select the Advanced check-box). The description that Photoshop shows for this option is:

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The description is not fully correct since this option also enables correct colors all over the image, not just the fewest artifacts at the edges.

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This page demonstrates the effect of the Blend RGB Colors Using Gamma 1.0 option and compares the result with a GaussianBlur filter that also blends RGB colors but is not covered by the option, that is the case at least for all the filter operations but possibly for many other editing operations too.

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Please download the examples (6kB zip archive) in case you want to duplicate the results on your own computer.

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Layer Blending in Normal mode using Opacity 50%

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Blend RGB Colors Using Gamma 1.0 option set OFF
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Blend RGB Colors Using Gamma 1.0 option set ON
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To reproduce the above on your computer:

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1 Download the material and extract it to a folder.

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2 Set your working-space to Adobe RGB (1998) in Edit/ColorSettings.

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3 Open the example01.psd.

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4 Go again to Edit/ColorSettings and select the Advanced check box, the dialog will expand a little. Drag the dialog so that you can see the example01.psd.

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5 Verify that the Preview check-box is selected.

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6 Now toggle the Blend RGB Colors Using Gamma 1.0 option ON and OFF.

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Amazingly the colorimetricly incorrect blending (with the Blend RGB Colors Using Gamma 1.0 option set to OFF) blends the colors from the two layers to rather dark gray values. The correct blending (with the Blend RGB Colors Using Gamma 1.0 option set to ON) produces rather saturated hues.

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The colors for this example are naturally well chosen, they show how very large the hue error can be. This behavior, blending incorrectly to gray is not at all the only type of error that is induced by blending the colors in a non-linear working-space, all colors will blend incorrectly producing varying amount of hue errors.

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Gaussian Blur example

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The Gaussian Blur filter is an averaging function, in regards to the issue of blending the RGB colors the only difference to the above 50% layer blending is that the source data for the Gaussian Blur averaging is taken spatially from the single layer that the Gaussian Blur is applied.

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The below example shows the result of GaussianBlur when applied over the color pattern (shown by the background -layer) in in the non-linear AdobeGamma color-space and in the linear AIM RGB color-space. The colors of the pattern are the same colors as the leftmost section in the layer blending example above.

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Gaussian Blur results in AdobeRGB and in AIM RGB
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To reproduce the Gaussian Blur experiment on your computer:

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1 Download the material (in case you didn't do so already) and extract it to a folder.

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2 Exit Photoshop.

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3 Copy the linear AIM RGB.ICM profile from the archive to the c:\windows\system\color -folder.

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4 Start Photoshop.

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5 Set your working-space to Adobe RGB (1998) in Edit/ColorSettings.

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6 Open the example02.psd.

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7 Duplicate the background layer twice.

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8 Apply Gaussian Blur at 10px on the Background copy -layer. This is the result in the non-linear Adobe RGB (1998).

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9 Profile convert the image to AIM RGB (do Image / Mode / Convert-to-Profile... and select the AIM RGB -profile from the Destination Space dropdown.

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10 Apply Gaussian Blur at 10px now on the Background copy 2 -layer. This is the result in the linear AIM RGB.
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Now compare the results between the the Gaussian Blur operations and the above layer blending example (leftmost section).
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GaussianBlur applied while the data was in the non-linear Adobe RGB working-space results the same* incorrect gray as the layer blending with the Blend RGB Colors Using Gamma 1.0 option set to OFF.
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Applying the GaussianBlur while the data was in the linear AIM RGB working-space results the same* correct hue as the layer blending with the Blend RGB Colors Using Gamma 1.0 option set to ON.
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* small difference is due to round-off errors
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Conclusion: The Blend RGB Colors Using Gamma 1.0 -option does not cover all the editing operations correctly.
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Blending black and white
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This example is a simple gray blending demonstrating the behaviour of the vision and how the working -space gamma affects to it.
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The example document bw-blend.psd is in the non-linear AdobeRGB(1998) color-space.
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The left section is on its own layer and is composed by alternating black (level 0) and white (level 255) lines.
The working-space gamma does not affect at all to the apperance of this dither since gamma does not affect to the end-points of the range. When this dither is viewed at a distance of about 1 meter (3 feets) the vision will blend it to 50% gray.
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The right section of the bw-blend.psd is composed by two layers, lower layer being black (level 0) and on top of it a white (level 255) layer in normal more and 50% opacity.
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So, both sections should appear to have the same luminance when the image editing (here layer blending) is correctly performed.
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Blend RGB Colors Using Gamma 1.0 option set OFF

Blend RGB Colors Using Gamma 1.0 option set ON

To reproduce the black and white dithering example on your computer:

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1 Download the material (in case you didn't do so already) and extract it to a folder.

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2 Set your working-space to Adobe RGB (1998) in Edit/ColorSettings.

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3 Open the bw-blend.psd.

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4 Go again to Edit/ColorSettings and select the Advanced check box, the dialog will expand a little. Drag the dialog so that you can see the bw-blend.psd.

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5 Verify that the Preview check-box is selected.

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6 Now toggle the Blend RGB Colors Using Gamma 1.0 option ON and OFF.

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7 Conclusion: also gray blending is correct only when linear image data is manipulated.

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Link: by © Timo Autiokari, 2001-2007

Link: Download AIM Profiles by © Timo Autiokari

Link: by © RETOUCH Pro

Photoshop: Christian Schmidt Look

portfolio series by © Christian Schmidt

portfolio series by © Christian Schmidt
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portfolio series by © Christian Schmidt
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For all the lazy peeps, a recap of post #42:

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I am way too helpful with this- Download this www.aim-dtp.net/aim/download/aim_profiles.zip

- Unzip

- Right click the profiles, and choose "Install". This makes them avail. in PS. (it's the AIM RGB we're looking for)
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- Open a picture

- Edit - Convert to profile -> Adobe RGB (1998)

- Edit - Assign profile - AIM RGB
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-.and again
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- Edit - Convert to profile -> Adobe RGB (1998)

- Edit - Assign profile - AIM RGB

- Duplicate Background layer
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- Set copy to Multiply- Still on copy -> Blending Options - Alt-click "Underlying Layer" and drag the white(on the right) slider to about 112

- Add a Curves layer, and drag the black slider to about "Input 25".
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- Take a bow!!!
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- For More Info on retouching go to » RETOUCH Pro 001

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----------------------------------> Additional tips

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Surely. It's really nothing more than a series of small tweaks pushing towards the end result by correcting what I see is "wrong" with the photo. Here's what I did:
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Profile conversion: Convert, Apply, Convert, Apply, dupe, multiply, blend if, curves.
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Result is too warm - Color balance layer: -15, -2, +55
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Walls are too dark - Levels layer: 0, 1.25, 236 (input)
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Still too warm - Curves layer: R midpoint 128/132, B midpoint 128/113 (Output/Input)
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Highlights blown out - Dupe b/g, levels within duped layer, 0, 232 (output)
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Shadows too green - H/S layer, Greens -100 saturation, all colors with the exception of blue and cyan pulled down somewhat, overall saturation -23.
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Done.
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All the numbers stated above are the exact numbers from the layers in my PSD. They work for this image (and by work I mean got me the result I was looking for), but they'd be completely different for a different image. I arrived at each value by seeing what I didn't like about the current state of my image and moving sliders and bending curves until it looked "right." This may not be the fastest, easiest, or even the best way to go about it, but that's the approach that I often use and I've found that it often gets me the results I want.
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Best of luck!

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----------------------------------> Additional tips

1. Create blank layer. Fill with pure white. Apply in Colour blending mode. Back down opacity a little so that the result is not B&W. Mask the layer, and use a very faint grey brush to bring back some of the colour in the stairs and anywhere else you feel needs it (like the black handrails and the aluminium below it).

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2. Create a curves adjustment layer and tweak the shadows and highlights to even out greys and prevent burn out in the whites.

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3. Use a graduated neutral density layer (i.e. dark grey to light grey) with dark at the bottom and light at the top applied in soft light blending mode. Adjust opacity to taste. This reverses the acutal lighting and makes the image steadily brighter towards the top of the escalator.

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4. Merge all of this, make a duplicate and apply in soft light blending mode (just a few % opacity) to increase contrast a tiny bit more.

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5. Using whatever method you prefer to make a very slight "soft focus" glow to give the whites and metal a slight pearly look.
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Thats it.

- For More Info on retouching go to » RETOUCH Pro 001